Items from Charley Pride's life set for museum

Country music legend Charley Pride jokes around with a bat among other items he is donating to the Smithsonian during an interview at his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Country music legend Charley Pride jokes around with a bat among other items he is donating to the Smithsonian during an interview at his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Country music legend Charley Pride looks at a bat among other items he is donating to the Smithsonian during an interview at his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Country music legend Charley Pride talks about items he is donating to the Smithsonian during an interview at his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Country music legend Charley Pride smiles for a portrait at his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Items from the life of country music legend Charley Pride are shown in his recording studio in Dallas, Texas, Monday, Sept. 24, 2012. The Smithsonian has selected Pride to be part of the new National Museum of African American History and Culture opening in 2015 with Pride giving the museum items from his life. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

DALLAS (AP) ? Growing up the son of sharecroppers in Mississippi, Charley Pride developed a love of country music that propelled him into a legendary career as one of its biggest stars.

Now, items donated by Pride from throughout his life will become part of the Smithsonian's upcoming National Museum of African American History and Culture, set to open in 2015. A gala reception will be held Wednesday in Pride's hometown of Dallas to celebrate the museum gift, which includes a pair of Pride's boots, one of his guitars and his Country Music Association male vocalist of the year award from 1971.

"Obviously, the one thing that stands out to people is that Charley Pride was country music's first black superstar. But what he was trying to do was play the music that he liked and entertain his audiences," said Dwan Reece, the museum's curator of music and performing arts. "His links to country music are just as natural as Loretta Lynn's. This is his childhood. This is the music that he knows."

Pride said that while it was difficult to part with some of the items, it's nice to know that they will be in the museum where he can always go visit.

As the museum began acquiring its collection of items documenting African-American life, art, history and culture, Reece said there was "no question" that Pride's was an important story to tell.

"One of the things we want to express in the exhibit is that African-Americans have a history in all kinds of music," Reece said. "I'm not sure everybody would expect us to have a section on country music."

Once the museum opens, items from Pride's life will join a collection that also will represent music artists including Louis Armstrong, James Brown, Ella Fitzgerald, Lena Horne and Michael Jackson.

Reece said Pride's rise to fame during the civil rights movement of the 1960s is among many interesting threads to his story.

"He's a great example of a man transcending the barriers of race who was accepted by audiences because he was a good country singer," she said.

Pride, who at 78 is still touring and heads to Ireland this month and the United Kingdom next month, said he never had trouble from audiences over his race. "I never had one iota of hoot calls from the audience," Pride said.

However, he did recall a 1966 performance when a crowd of 10,000 at Detroit's Olympia Stadium ? the biggest audience of his career at that point ? grew quiet upon seeing that the fledgling country singer was black.

"I said, 'You know, I realize it's a little unique me coming out here on a country music show wearing this permanent tan.' When I said that there was this big old applause ? saying exactly what they were thinking," Pride said.

He told the crowd he would play his three singles and maybe a hit from another singer, but that "I ain't got time to talk about pigmentation all night."

After the show, fans lined up to get his autograph. "That's the way it's been for the last 40 some years," he said.

Pride, who grew up in a family of 11 children in Sledge, Miss., first had his sights set on a career in Major League Baseball. He played in the Negro American League and Pioneer League before country singers Red Sovine and Red Foley heard him performing in Montana ? where Pride was working at a smelting plant and playing for the plant ball team ? and told him he needed to go to Nashville, Tenn.

He eventually made it to Nashville and recorded a demo that RCA Records liked. "They decided to sign me and there's history looking at you right now," Pride said.

"I've been singing all my life. I heard a song I'd like, I'd just sing it, not realizing that I was preparing myself for this, but here I am," he said. "People liked my singing and once they got me on record, a whole bunch of people liked me."

Pride, who has won three Grammy Awards and had dozens of No. 1 hits, also is donating albums, cassettes and CDs of his music to the museum collection. Other items, including a baseball bat and Texas Rangers uniform, are tied to his love of the sport. Pride is a part owner of the Rangers.

Pride's most popular songs include "Is Anybody Goin' to San Antone," ''I'm So Afraid of Losing You Again" and the crossover hit "Kiss an Angel Good Mornin'." He was the Country Music Association's entertainer of the year in 1971 and top male vocalist in 1971 and 1972.

He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2000.

"My business is selling lyrics, feelings and emotions," Pride said. "Once you hear me and if you come to see my show, you'll never forget it because I sell every song.

"I hope to keep doing it because I ain't ready to quit yet."

John Rumble, senior historian for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, said that while Pride is regarded as country music's biggest African-American star, "in the history of country music, he's also one of the biggest stars."

"Audiences love him because he's an entertainer, he's a performer. They know that he's singing for them and that he appreciates their support," Rumble said.

___

Online:

Charley Pride, http://www.charleypride.com

National Museum of African American History and Culture, http://nmaahc.si.edu

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2012-10-02-Charley%20Pride-Smithsonian/id-d9201b136fb942c6a6ffa7b5d6831d7f

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Amnesty calls on Egypt to tackle legacy of abuse

FILE - In this Friday, Dec. 16, 2011 file photo, Egyptian army soldiers, background, arrest a woman protester during clashes near Cairo's downtown Tahrir Square, Egypt. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo/Ahmed Ali, File)

FILE - In this Friday, Dec. 16, 2011 file photo, Egyptian army soldiers, background, arrest a woman protester during clashes near Cairo's downtown Tahrir Square, Egypt. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo/Ahmed Ali, File)

FILE - In this Friday, May 4, 2012 file photo, a protester, right, waves a stick at Egyptian soldiers during clashes outside the Ministry of Defense in Cairo, Egypt. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo/Ahmed Gomaa, File)

FILE - In this Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012 file photo, Egyptian protesters run during clashes with riot police, background, outside the U.S. embassy in Cairo, Egypt. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo/Nasser Nasser, File)

FILE - In this Friday, Dec. 16, 2011 file photo, Egyptian army soldiers arrest a woman protester during clashes with military police near Cairo's downtown Tahrir Square. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - In this Sunday, Oct. 9, 2011 file photo, Two army soldiers run after Egyptian Coptic demonstrators by a burning civilian vehicle during cashes with Egyptian Army soldiers following a Copts demonstration in Cairo, Egypt. Amnesty International warned Tuesday that the practice of impunity for Egyptian police and military continued even after regime change and Hosni Mubarak?s ouster, and urged the country?s newly elected leader to deal with this "bloody legacy" by bringing to justice those responsible for killing, maiming and abusing protesters. (AP Photo/Nasser Nasser, File)

CAIRO (AP) ? Amnesty International on Tuesday took Egypt's new president to task for failing to address the "bloody legacy" of abuses by security forces committed under military rule after the fall of Hosni Mubarak, which continue even after the establishment of the country's first freely elected government.

The group urged President Mohammed Morsi to hold the military accountable for the killing, torture and sexual abuse of protesters during the 18 months when the generals held power after Mubarak's February 2011 ouster.

It also said Morsi should rein in police forces, which it said still use excessive force to deal with protests and have tortured detainees. It called for the government to allow U.N. experts to investigate and assess how to deal with the problems.

Unless there is a clear political will to confront this and to provide the families of the victims with truth and justice, things are not going to change," Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, deputy director for Amnesty's Middle East and North Africa Program, told The Associated Press.

"For the moment police officers, soldiers are confident that they can commit violations with impunity without ever having to answer for any of their acts," she said.

Two extensive reports released by the London-based human rights group in Cairo on Tuesday detailed cases of rights abuses by the army and police, focusing on six separate incidents of crackdowns on protests that killed at least 120 people. Amnesty said thousands of protesters were injured or maimed ? with documented cases of loss of eyesight ? during the crackdowns, and that detainees were tortured in custody.

Most of the crackdowns took place during the post-Mubarak period of rule by a council of generals, during which soldiers had a major role in keeping security inside the country. The military has largely backed down from that role ever since Morsi, of the Muslim Brotherhood, was inaugurated at the end of June as the new president

But Morsi's failure to seek accountability from the police and military for those abuses has only fueled a culture of impunity that is allowing violations to continue, Amnesty warned. One of the Amnesty documented cases of violent crackdown by the police against protesters took place after Morsi came to power in August, in which one was killed.

Karim Ennarah, a researcher with the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights who spoke at a press conference by Amnesty on Tuesday, said it appeared that police abuses are getting worse in the three months since Morsi came to power.

He cited the deaths of two people last month in the town of Meit Ghamr, outside Cairo. One was tortured in a police station, including being beaten in the head by a rifle butt, and then died before getting to a hospital. The second person was then killed when police opened fire with live ammunition on a crowd angered by the first man's death.

"The police is acting as if it is an armed gang. It lost control and is trying to regain it by resorting to excessive force," Ennarah said.

In its reports, Amnesty said the country's new leadership must "tackle the bloody legacy of official abuse and guarantee that no one is above the law in Egypt."

Security abuse and flagrant human rights violations were among the sparks that ignited the uprising against Mubarak. Thousands took to the streets initially to protest a young man's brutal death by police beating in 2010.

After Mubarak's regime was ousted in the popular uprising and the army took over, protesters increasingly denounced the military for its excessive use of force, for targeting women protesters, beatings and sexual abuse ? including the notorious "virginity tests" that female detainees were forced to go through after being taken into custody by soldiers.

Amnesty noted that at least 12,000 civilians, mainly protesters, have been tried before military tribunals while only three soldiers and a military doctor have faced a military court over abuse of authority. And only one security officer was brought to trial for killing and injuring protesters in one of the six documented cases.

"The only thing we have done (since the uprising) is lose our sons. That's it," said Mary Daniel, the sister of a protester killed last year during a military crackdown on rally. "We have gone from bad to worse."

Amnesty said the army's response to protests was "disproportionate," citing cases when live ammunition was fired as demonstrators lobbed stones or firebombs at the troops. It also cited incidents of army vehicles running down groups of protesters, in one case killing several demonstrators.

Amnesty quoted one protester, Wael Saber Bshay, whose brother was crushed by a military armored personnel carrier during an Oct. 9, 2011 protest that killed 27 people, mostly Coptic Christians.

"We were in a state of shock that the army, which is supposed to protect us ... attacked us," Bshay told Amnesty. "If we were in a state of war with an enemy, I don't think this would have happened."

The Amnesty report also documented that Egypt continued to receive deliveries of small arms and equipment from abroad, including from its largest supplier the United States, despite the violent crackdowns.

In one case, the report said, a U.S. shipment believed to contain tear gas was dispatched to Egypt on Oct. 13, 2011, just days after the protest by the Christians was crushed. Another shipment from the U.S. arrived days after a November protest in which nearly 50 people were killed, Amnesty reported.

The group said authorities should allow visits by the U.N.'s special rapporteur on torture and the U.N. working group on arbitrary detention and torture, whose requests for visits were ignored by the Mubarak regime.

For abuses to halt, those responsible must be brought to trial before an independent, civilian court, said Suzanne Nossel, the executive director of Amnesty International USA.

"If President Morsi truly wants to reform Egypt, he must establish the principle that no one can be above the law, including the army and the security services," Nossel said. "Without accountability by the army and security forces who are responsible for decades of human rights violations, justice for victims will remain elusive."

Amnesty said it has yet to receive a response from Morsi for a memorandum it had sent to him on the day he was sworn in, in which it details how Egypt can address the history of human rights and open a new page.

"This is disappointing," said Saharoui.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-10-02-Egypt-Amnesty/id-f88caba6ae8d445789c81c488ab4306c

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This Vizio Thin+Light Is Your What's-An-Ultrabook-Anyway Deal of the Day [Dealzmodo]

The term "Ultrabook" may be just an Intel marketing buzzword, but it's actually a pretty useful way to describe a specific kind of laptop: portable, with great battery life, and preferably no moving parts. The problem is that Ultrabook is being used to describe all manner of laptops, like (relatively) boxy, cheap machines with spinning hard disks. I'm all for Ultrabooks being affordable, but since when does a cheap laptop have to feel cheap? More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/tUheg72H3rY/this-vizio-thin%252Blight-is-your-whats+an+ultrabook+anyway-deal-of-the-day

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Movie buzz more likely to spread by word-of-mouth than social networks

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/movie-buzz-more-likely-spread-word-mouth-social-003206723.html

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Department of Computer Science: Duluth YMCA Tech Internship

Open until filled. Expected close date 10/31/2012

SUMMARY:

This internship is 10 hours per week, Flexible and is available during the Fall, Winter, Spring and? summer terms. Reports to HR & IT Director and will provide technology troubleshooting, network support, and training on the Y's technology infrastructure.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS:

1. Troubleshoot technical issues including computers, printers, copies, phones, and fitness technology.

2. Monitor network status and provide maintenance and updates.

3. Assist with long range technology planning and budgeting.

4. Provide group and one-on-one training to staff.

5. Work with service providers and consultants from the community.

SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE SHOULD:

Work effectively with people of different backgrounds, abilities, opinions, and perceptions. Build

rapport and relate well to others. Remains calm in challenging situations. Listen for understanding and meaning; speak and write effectively. Take initiative to assist in developing others. Make sound judgments. Embrace new approach and discover ideas to create a better member experience. Establish goals, clarify tasks, plans work and actively participates in meetings. Follow budgeting policies and procedures, and report all financial irregularities immediately. Strive to meet or exceed goals and deliver a high-value experience for members. Pursue self-development that enhances job performance. Demonstrate an openness to change, and seeks opportunities in the change process. Accurately assess personal feelings, strengths and limitations and how they impact relationships. Has the functional and technical knowledge and skills required to perform well. Use best practices and demonstrates up-to-date knowledge and skills in technology.

QUALIFICATIONS:

1. Pursuing AAS/BS/BA in Computer Sciences, IT, or other related field.

2. Experience with basic troubleshooting of Windows-based systems.

3. Able to work both on own initiative and as part of a team.

4. Knowledge Active Directory and Microsoft Exchange preferred.

COMPENSATION:

There is a possibility for pay based on experience. Interns receive YMCA membership during internship. We will work with you and your school to assist you in receiving college credit. It is the responsibility of the student to determine if academic credit is available through his/her degree program.

APPLICATION PROCESS:

* Cover letter, resume & 2 letters of recommendation about your skills relevant to this internship.

CONTACT INFORMATION: Gina Miller, Volunteer & Internship Coordinator

?????????? Duluth Area Family YMCA

?????????? 302 West First Street ? Duluth, MN 55802

Source: http://umdcs.blogspot.com/2012/10/duluth-ymca-tech-internship.html

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Superman-strength bacteria produce 24-karat gold

ScienceDaily (Oct. 2, 2012) ? At a time when the value of gold has reached an all-time high, Michigan State University researchers have discovered a bacterium's ability to withstand incredible amounts of toxicity is key to creating 24-karat gold.

"Microbial alchemy is what we're doing -- transforming gold from something that has no value into a solid, precious metal that's valuable," said Kazem Kashefi, assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics.

He and Adam Brown, associate professor of electronic art and intermedia, found the metal-tolerant bacteria Cupriavidus metallidurans can grow on massive concentrations of gold chloride -- or liquid gold, a toxic chemical compound found in nature.

In fact, the bacteria are at least 25 times stronger than previously reported among scientists, the researchers determined in their art installation, "The Great Work of the Metal Lover," which uses a combination of biotechnology, art and alchemy to turn liquid gold into 24-karat gold. The artwork contains a portable laboratory made of 24-karat gold-plated hardware, a glass bioreactor and the bacteria, a combination that produces gold in front of an audience.

Brown and Kashefi fed the bacteria unprecedented amounts of gold chloride, mimicking the process they believe happens in nature. In about a week, the bacteria transformed the toxins and produced a gold nugget.

"The Great Work of the Metal Lover" uses a living system as a vehicle for artistic exploration, Brown said.

In addition, the artwork consists of a series of images made with a scanning electron microscope. Using ancient gold illumination techniques, Brown applied 24-karat gold leaf to regions of the prints where a bacterial gold deposit had been identified so that each print contains some of the gold produced in the bioreactor.

"This is neo-alchemy. Every part, every detail of the project is a cross between modern microbiology and alchemy," Brown said. "Science tries to explain the phenomenological world. As an artist, I'm trying to create a phenomenon. Art has the ability to push scientific inquiry."

It would be cost prohibitive to reproduce their experiment on a larger scale, he said. But the researchers' success in creating gold raises questions about greed, economy and environmental impact, focusing on the ethics related to science and the engineering of nature.

"The Great Work of the Metal Lover" was selected for exhibition and received an honorable mention at the cyber art competition, Prix Ars Electronica, in Austria, where it's on display until Oct. 7. Prix Ars Electronica is one of the most important awards for creativity and pioneering spirit in the field of digital and hybrid media, Brown said.

"Art has the ability to probe and question the impact of science in the world, and 'The Great Work of the Metal Lover' speaks directly to the scientific preoccupation while trying to shape and bend biology to our will within the postbiological age," Brown said.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Michigan State University.

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/FTVGTj16UCU/121002150031.htm

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Digital mammography improves population-based breast cancer screening

Public release date: 2-Oct-2012
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Contact: Linda Brooks
lbrooks@rsna.org
630-590-7762
Radiological Society of North America

OAK BROOK, Ill. New research from the Netherlands shows that the switch from screen film mammography (SFM) to digital mammography (DM) in large, population-based breast cancer screening programs improves the detection of life-threatening cancer without significantly increasing detection of clinically insignificant disease. Results of the study are published online in the journal Radiology.

DM's higher sensitivity at detecting breast cancer raised concerns that its introduction into screening programs would increase the diagnosis of clinically unimportant cancerscancers that, if left undetected and therefore untreated, would never have surfaced clinically in the person's lifetime. Data analysis showed an increased incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a precursor for invasive breast cancer, in the years after the introduction of population-based screening with DM. The development of low-grade DCIS can extend over more than three decades; however, high-grade DCIS is associated with far more rapid cancer invasion.

"More DCIS and invasive cancers are detected with the use of DM in breast cancer screening compared to SFM," said Adriana M.J. Bluekens, M.D., from the National Expert and Training Centre for Breast Cancer Screening in Nijmegen and St. Elisabeth Hospital in Tilburg, both in the Netherlands. "In the mix of low- to high-grade DCIS lesions, there is no shift to the detection of low-grade lesions in digital screening. Instead of this, we noticed a larger amount of high-grade lesions, which are regarded as precursors of high-grade invasive tumors."

To learn more about the impact of DM on screening programs, Dutch researchers compared it with SFM in screening mammograms performed between 2003 and 2007. Recall was indicated in 18,896 cases out of almost two million mammograms studied, and 6,410 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. As expected, DM had a higher initial sensitivity for detecting cancer, with a detection rate per thousand of 6.8, compared with 5.6 for SFM.

Detection of high-grade DCIS with DM was 58.5 percent, compared with 50.5 percent for SFM.

"This gain is largely due to enhanced depiction of microcalcifications with DM resulting in improved detection of DCIS and invasive carcinoma with an intraductal component," Dr. Bluekens said.

The initial recall rate was higher with DM: 4.4 percent, compared with 2.6 percent for SFM. However, the transition to digital mammography did not result in a disproportionate increase in low-grade DCIS lesions, which are linked to possible overdiagnosis.

The findings provide further evidence of the benefits of population-based breast cancer screening programs that use DM, according to Dr. Bluekens.

"The follow-up period of the different digital screening programs is not sufficiently long enough to analyze mortality effect separately from that of SFM," she noted. "However, surrogate parameters, such as stage distribution and tumor characteristics of DM-detected cancers, do indicate the continuation of mortality decrease with the transformation of SFM to DM in screening programs."

Researchers cautioned that the results were based on analysis of data from the Dutch screening program, with its focus on balancing the rates of detection, recall and false-positives. Numbers from the U.S. screening program, which focuses more on a high detection rate, would likely be different.

###

"Comparison of Digital Screening Mammography and Screen-Film Mammography in the Early Detection of Clinically Relevant Cancers: A Multicenter Study." Collaborating with Dr. Bluekens were Roland Holland, M.D., Ph.D., Nico Karssemeijer, Ph.D., Mireille J.M. Broeders, Ph.D., and Gerard J den Heeten, M.D., Ph.D.

Radiology is edited by Herbert Y. Kressel, M.D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., and owned and published by the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (http://radiology.rsna.org/)

RSNA is an association of more than 50,000 radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists and related scientists promoting excellence in patient care and health care delivery through education, research and technologic innovation. The Society is based in Oak Brook, Ill. (RSNA.org)

For patient-friendly information on mammography, visit RadiologyInfo.org.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 2-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Linda Brooks
lbrooks@rsna.org
630-590-7762
Radiological Society of North America

OAK BROOK, Ill. New research from the Netherlands shows that the switch from screen film mammography (SFM) to digital mammography (DM) in large, population-based breast cancer screening programs improves the detection of life-threatening cancer without significantly increasing detection of clinically insignificant disease. Results of the study are published online in the journal Radiology.

DM's higher sensitivity at detecting breast cancer raised concerns that its introduction into screening programs would increase the diagnosis of clinically unimportant cancerscancers that, if left undetected and therefore untreated, would never have surfaced clinically in the person's lifetime. Data analysis showed an increased incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a precursor for invasive breast cancer, in the years after the introduction of population-based screening with DM. The development of low-grade DCIS can extend over more than three decades; however, high-grade DCIS is associated with far more rapid cancer invasion.

"More DCIS and invasive cancers are detected with the use of DM in breast cancer screening compared to SFM," said Adriana M.J. Bluekens, M.D., from the National Expert and Training Centre for Breast Cancer Screening in Nijmegen and St. Elisabeth Hospital in Tilburg, both in the Netherlands. "In the mix of low- to high-grade DCIS lesions, there is no shift to the detection of low-grade lesions in digital screening. Instead of this, we noticed a larger amount of high-grade lesions, which are regarded as precursors of high-grade invasive tumors."

To learn more about the impact of DM on screening programs, Dutch researchers compared it with SFM in screening mammograms performed between 2003 and 2007. Recall was indicated in 18,896 cases out of almost two million mammograms studied, and 6,410 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. As expected, DM had a higher initial sensitivity for detecting cancer, with a detection rate per thousand of 6.8, compared with 5.6 for SFM.

Detection of high-grade DCIS with DM was 58.5 percent, compared with 50.5 percent for SFM.

"This gain is largely due to enhanced depiction of microcalcifications with DM resulting in improved detection of DCIS and invasive carcinoma with an intraductal component," Dr. Bluekens said.

The initial recall rate was higher with DM: 4.4 percent, compared with 2.6 percent for SFM. However, the transition to digital mammography did not result in a disproportionate increase in low-grade DCIS lesions, which are linked to possible overdiagnosis.

The findings provide further evidence of the benefits of population-based breast cancer screening programs that use DM, according to Dr. Bluekens.

"The follow-up period of the different digital screening programs is not sufficiently long enough to analyze mortality effect separately from that of SFM," she noted. "However, surrogate parameters, such as stage distribution and tumor characteristics of DM-detected cancers, do indicate the continuation of mortality decrease with the transformation of SFM to DM in screening programs."

Researchers cautioned that the results were based on analysis of data from the Dutch screening program, with its focus on balancing the rates of detection, recall and false-positives. Numbers from the U.S. screening program, which focuses more on a high detection rate, would likely be different.

###

"Comparison of Digital Screening Mammography and Screen-Film Mammography in the Early Detection of Clinically Relevant Cancers: A Multicenter Study." Collaborating with Dr. Bluekens were Roland Holland, M.D., Ph.D., Nico Karssemeijer, Ph.D., Mireille J.M. Broeders, Ph.D., and Gerard J den Heeten, M.D., Ph.D.

Radiology is edited by Herbert Y. Kressel, M.D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., and owned and published by the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (http://radiology.rsna.org/)

RSNA is an association of more than 50,000 radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists and related scientists promoting excellence in patient care and health care delivery through education, research and technologic innovation. The Society is based in Oak Brook, Ill. (RSNA.org)

For patient-friendly information on mammography, visit RadiologyInfo.org.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/rson-dmi092512.php

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